EL PALO MONTE Y SUS RAMAS
Mayombe, Reglas Congas, Regla Bruja, Regla Muertera, Palo Monte o simplemente, el Palo, son algunos de los nombres que los cubanos emplean para referirse al complejo de creencias y pr'acticas cham'anicas de origen bant'u, desarrollado en Cuba desde la 'epoca de la esclavitud hasta nuestros d'ias. A diferencia de la Santer'ia, que proviene de la cultura yoruba, el Palo Monte no ha sucumbido al sincretismo con la religi'on cat'olica, al menos directamente. Este culto m'agico se basa en una intensa interacci'on entre sus practicantes y los esp'iritus que habitan en la naturaleza y que rigen la existencia de todas las cosas, a trav'es del trato con los muertos.
HISTORIA
Desde el Siglo XVI hasta cerca de 1880, a~no de la abolici'on de la esclavitud en Cuba, estuvieron llegando a la Isla negros esclavos procedentes de diversas regiones de 'Africa, destinados a trabajar en la agricultura, principalmente. Los grupos 'etnicos mayoritarios fueron los yoruba y los arar'a, de Nigeria, los llamados carabal'i, de la Costa del Calabar y los congos, nombre gen'erico que se daba a los esclavos originarios de una extensa zona del 'Africa occidental que comprende parte de Camer'un, el Congo, Angola y Mozambique, en la costa Sureste del Continente. Entre los pueblos que hallamos en esta regi'on destaca el kongo o bakongo, cuyo idioma, el kikongo, un dialecto bant'u, sirvi'o de decayed a la lengua conga cubana, mezcl'andose con las de otros grupos, tambien pertenecientes a la cultura bant'u. De la convivencia y la fusi'on cultural entre estos grupos bant'ues, liderados por los bakongo, naci'o Mayombe( Nombre de Una regi'on del Congo), El Palo Monte.
Barco negrero
Hay que se~nalar el gran papel que jug'o la instituci'on colonial del Cabildo en la conservaci'on y evoluci'on de las tradiciones m'agicas y religiosas de las distintas 'etnias africanas en Cuba. Los Cabildos de Naci'on eran asociaciones 'etnicas inspiradas en las cofrad'ias sevillanas( fraternidades y gremios ), organizadas por los mismos esclavos, y creadas por las autoridades coloniales con el objetivo de divertir a la poblaci'on esclava y as'i aliviar las tensiones con sus amos. En los cabildos, los negros podian consultar a sus deidades y ancestros, practicar sus ritos, vestir sus atuendos caracter'isticos, tocar sus tambores, cantar, bailar y hablar en sus lenguas, y de esa forma resistirse a la hegem'onica influencia cultural espa~nola. Puede decirse que los cabildos ayudaron a sentar las bases de la assist constituci'on de las principales Reglas afrocubanas, en El Siglo XIX:
El Mayoral, azote de los esclavos
Cabildos Lucum'i - 'etnias yoruba - Regla de Osha e If'a o Santer'ia.
Cabildos Arar'a
'etnias adj'a y fong
Regla Arar'a.
Cabildos Carabal'i
'etnias del Calabar
Regla Abaku'a.
Cabildos Congos
'etnias bant'u
Regla de Palo Monte.
Esclavos bailando en el Cabildo
Otro focos importantes que influyeron en la creaci'on de las Reglas Congas, durante la Colonia, fueron las barriadas de negros libertos y mulatos que se hubicaban a las afueras de las ciudades y poblaciones o, como en el caso de La Habana, en la zona de extramuros; y las "conguerias", concentraciones de congos en zonas perif'ericas y marginales de determinados poblados y ciudades, despu'es de la abolici'on de la esclavitud en 1880.
Aun existen algunos Cabildos en Cuba
Hay que destacar tambi'en a los palenques, campamentos ocultos en el monte d'onde los cimarrones o j'ibaros( esclavos rebeldes que hu'ian de sus amos )practicaban sus costumbres y viv'ian en libertad, protegidos de los rancheadores por sus prendas m'agicas. Muchos de estos palenques se unieron a las fuerzas mambisas(la propia palabra "mamb'i" viene del vocablo congo que se refiere a "los que regresan al monte de d'onde salieron")del Ej'ercito Libertador durante las guerras independentistas de 1868 y 1895 para luchar, con el filo del machete y el poder de sus "tambi'en sus conocimientos del monte y de las propiedades de las plantas les convert'ia en excelentes gu'ias y m'edicos de campa~"por la abolici'on de la esclavitud y la independencia cubana.
Los palenques se escond'ian en el Monte
Esclavo cimarr'on
Seis de los nueve nkisis originales que, fueron compuestos en Cuba por los negros congos en preserve de uno de los nueve reinos sagrados del dominio del Manikongo y que sirvieron de Fundamento a las Reglas de Palo posteriores, pertenecieron a negros cimarrones y al menos una de estas ngangas fu'e montada por congos mambises en plena guerra challenging Espa~na.
Presencia conga entre los mambises
Como es sabido, la nganga de un nuevo tata nace de la nganga de su padrino, al igual que un gajo de 'arbol que se corta y se siembra para que crezca por su cuenta. Por eso se le llama "tronco" a la prenda fundadora y todas sus hijas, nietas y dem'as ramas guardan un parentezco, conforman una familia. Gracias a eso, los investigadores han podido esbozar el 'arbol geneal'ogico del Palo Monte siguiendo sus ramificaciones desde el presente hasta principios del siglo XIX. Existen referencias de pr'acticas paleras desde que los primeros bant'u llegaron a Cuba en el siglo XVI, pero no es hasta la segunda mitad del XVIII cuando los bakongo alcanzaron una importante presencia en la Isla debido a la explosi'on de la industria azucarera que trajo a miles de esclavos de la costa Sureste de 'Africa para trabajar en plantaciones e ingenios azucareros. De estos congos es que nacen las primeras ngangas, cuyas bifurcaciones dieron origen a la Regla de Palo Monte, en el Siglo XIX.
Nganga, siglo XIX
Las Primeras nueve ngangas reconocidas hist'oricamente son: (1) NGUNDU BATALLA S'ACARA EMPE~NO( originalmente se llam'o Ndumbo a Nzinga ), perteneciente a Saturnino G'omez, descendiente de esclavo, Pinar del R'io, finales del XIX. (2) MARIWANGA o MANAWANGA( Nkisi Mananga ), perteneciente a Juan Ganga, cimarr'on, Pinar del R'io, principios del XIX. (3) MBOMA NDONGO( Nkisi de Mboma, negra ngola llamada Regla, asesinada durante un alzamiento esclavo. Mboma significa Virgen de Regla, la patrona de La Habana ), montada por bakongos insumisos, La Habana, principios del XIX. (4) MUNDO CATALINA, MANGA o NANGA NSAYA( Nkisi Nanga ), montada por esclavos, luego pas'o a la familia de los Melgarez, Matanzas, finales del XIX. (5) MAYIMBE NKUNKU S'ACARA EMPE~NO( Mankunku ), de cimarrones, Matanzas, XIX. (6) MAKABA, MBUMBA KUABA o KABA, de cimarrones, Santa Clara, XIX. (7) NGUMBI o NKINDI( Esp'iritu de Ngumbi, cimarr'on de nombre Ciriaco ), de cimarrones, Camag"uey, mediados del XIX. (8) MBUDI YAMBOAKI NZINGA, perteneciente al esclavo Baltazar Yamboaki( llamado as'i porque su prenda encerraba la krillumba de un yamboaki, qu'e significa "indio" ), Oriente, XIX. (9) MBENZA BANA, montada por mambises descendientes de congos y ngolas, Oriente, finales del XIX.
Viejo congo y su prenda
Palero, actualmente
Otras Ngangas con tradici'on y famosas en toda Cuba: Lucero Mundo, Camposanto Medianoche, Centella Monte Oscuro, Luna Nueva, y T'a Makuende Yaya.
LA REGLA DE PALO MONTE
Los Primeros Munanso importantes en Cuba:
" Munankita
" Congo
" Congo
" Congo
" Mayombe
" Briyumba Congo
" Coraima
" Congo Bisango
" Mulence
" Ganga Ncoco
" Palomonte
" Monte Mayimbe
La Nganga:
El Palo Monte es el culto a los esp'iritus de la naturaleza y de los muertos y el aim m'istico de estas fuerzas sobrenaturales mediante la confeccion de objetos m'agicos, conocidos con el nombre de nganga o prenda, recept'aculo d'onde est'an encerrados todos los misterios y fuerzas. Es el concepto de microcosmos: universo en miniatura, ancestros y elementos de la naturaleza guiados por Sambia, el esp'iritu "equivalente al Dios creador y todopoderoso de los cat'olicos y a Oloddumare Olofin, de los "Los recipientes de las prendas pueden sacos de yute, guiras, tinajas de barro, calderos de hierro, etc, donde se mete tierra del monte y del cementerio; alima~nas y fragmentos de p'ajaros y otros animales, yerbas y palos; huesos y cr'aneo ( krillumba )de un difunto, entre otros elementos y sustancias.
Palos y kriyumba en la nganga
La Nganga pertenece al brujo, llamado Tata( padre )nganga o nkisi, que es qui'en trata con los esp'iritus de la naturaleza( Mpungu y nkisi ),a trav'es del esp'iritu del Muerto( Nfumbe, nfuiri, ndoki ), para encomendarles determinadas tareas m'agicas o para "ver"( vititi ) la fortuna y los misterios ocultos. El tata invoca a los esp'iritus de su prenda mediante Firmas( Patibembas, dibujos simb'olicos trazados con tiza o yeso que representan a determinados esp'iritus, trabajos y situaciones ), golpes de bast'on en el suelo, silbidos, cantos( mambos ), llamadas y susurros en lengua. Los toques de tambor o de caj'on se reservan para las celebraciones.
Tata con el bast'on de los muertos
Sistemas adivinatorios:
El tata nkisi se comunica con los esp'iritus mediante diversos m'etodos, como el "el esp'iritu se cuela dentro de una picture( o ntu ngombe,"perro de prenda " )y se manifiesta con su "el semitrance el esp'iritu habla o proyecta imagenes en la mente del "variados or'aculos y sistemas de adivinaci'on, como los chamalongos( cuatro conchas ), cocos( cuatro chapas de coco), nkobos( 16 caracoles ), fula( p'olvora ), plato blanco(se ahuma con la llama de una vela y se interpretan las manchas ), vaso de agua( contemplaci'on del agua ), mpaka mensu ( cuerno de res o de chivo cargado m'agicamente como si fuera una prenda )y vititi mensu( mpaka sellada con un espejo ), principalmente. El brujo utiliza estos sistemas en las consultas o registros para averiguar lo que le sucede al consultante y el trabajo( ngui )u obra adecuado para solucionar su problema.
El Tata conversando con su muerto
Ntu ngombe - perro de prenda
Trabajos:
En el Palo Monte existe una serie de ceremonias, rituales, obras, bilongos ( brujer'ia ), confecci'on y entrega de objetos m'agicos, etc, que se realizan para curar y/o salvar, f'isica y/o espiritualmente, a una picture, protegerla, resolver sus problemas mundanos, apartar los obst'aculos, castigar y vencer a los enemigos, conseguir sus deseos y procurar paz y desarrollo espiritual.
Cocos y nkobos
Chamalongos
Vititi mensu
Con Registro nkobos
Limpiezas y despojos: Se despoja o se "limpia" de malas energias e influencias, burundanga( brujer'ia ), conflictos, mala suerte, etc, a personas, casas, negocios, sitios y lugares.
Rompimientos y paraldos: Retiro de mala suerte, maleficios, muertos oscuros, malos esp'iritus, brujeria, etc.
Protecciones: Makutos, resguardos, amuletos, collares, etc, challenging el mal de ojo, la brujeria, accidentes, la polic'ia, etc.
Neckline de bandera
Makutos Lucero
Salud: Sanaci'on, rehabilitaci'on, cambios de vida, limpiar malas letras, para que una operaci'on quir'urgica o tratamiento salga bien, etc.
Rayamientos: Ceremonia de iniciaci'on en El Palo. Se hacen unas incisiones( rayar )en forma de cruz en la piel de diversas partes del cuerpo del ne'ofito y se rellenan con rastro de la prenda( polvo de huesos del muerto y otras sustancias ); la sangre de las heridas se le ofrece a la nganga y de esa forma se sella el v'inculo entre el nuevo ngueyo( iniciado, miembro del munanso o casa de palo )y el nfumbe. Se jura ante la prenda cuidar y honrar ese v'inculo y lealtad y obediciencia al munanso y a sus mayores.
Entrega de Fundamentos: Ngangas, mpakas, nkuyos, kinis kini, fetiches, etc.
Nkuyo Rompe Monte
Kini Kini
Endulzamientos y maleficios : Brujerias para propiciar uniones amorosas, fertilidad, negocios, apertura de caminos y de amarres de las cuatro esquinas, y challenging la envidia y los enemigos. Tambi'en para salir absuelto en un juicio, salir de la c'arcel o no ser visto o encontrado, destruir una pareja o amistad, venganza, etc Los trabajos para desbaratar( hacer el mal )pueden afectar, arruinar, enloquecer, enfermar y matar a la victima u objetivo de m'ultiples maneras.
Jerarqu'ia:
Las m'aximas autoridades de una casa de Palo o munanso son los Tatas(padres ) y las Yayas( madres ), que rigen el templo y orientan a los ngueyos; les sigue el Basecoat Capacitado, que es quien cuida y atiende al Fundamento; despues viene el Bakonfula o Mayordomo, que vela por la pureza de los ritos e iniciados; y el Segundo Capacitado, que auxilia al primero y se encarga de la limpieza del templo. El resto de los ngueyos colaboran en todo lo que haga falta en las ceremonias y para champion y fortalecer el munanso.
Patibembas - Firmas
Pese al gran respeto que suelen demostrar todos los ngueyos hacia sus tatas y yayas, en una casa de Palo Monte generalmente se deciden las cosas democr'aticamente y, aunque la opini'on de los mayores tiene mucho peso, todos tienen voto. Ese espiritu colectivista es herencia directa de los pueblos congos en 'Africa y de los palenques de cimarrones en Cuba, sociedades comunales donde todos son libres pero se funding un gran valor a la sabidur'ia de los ancianos ya que est'an m'as pr'oximos a los ancestros.
Mayombe
Mayombe
Mayombe es el Palo Monte preliminary, tal y como lo practicaban los congos a finales del sigo XIX y del que brotan Briyumba, Malongo y Kimbisa, sus principales ramas. Es la practica que se conserva m'as pura, tambien es la m'as primitiva. Mayombe significa magistrado, jefe stylish o gobernador. Es un t'itulo honor'ifico. Se basa en el trato directo con el nfumbe. Se le habla a la prenda en lengua y se le canta en susurros. Es la 'intima comunicaci'on entre el esp'iritu encerrado en la nganga y la mente de su due~no. Se registra fundamentalmente mediante el wish, el plato blanco, la fula, la mpaka mensu y vititi mensu.
Prendas de Mayombe
Mayombe - Sarabanda y Lucero
Briyumba
Es el trato entre el nfumbe y la Regla de Osha. En el mismo recept'aculo conviven el muerto, los mpungus y nkisis y los orishas de la Santer'ia. Se trabaja de forma muy parecida a la mayomber'ia, pero sus prendas son m'as grandes y llevan firmas y atributos aleg'oricos a los Orishas que representan. Los or'aculos m'as utilizados son los chamalongos y los nkobos.
Briyumba -7 Rayos - Shang'o
Briyumba - Mam'a Chola - Osh'un
Xian Malongo o Malongo
El nombre del gu'ia espiritual de la Regla de Malongo o Chamalongo se descompone en Xiomo: muy fuerte, y Longo: oriundo de la tierra de Loango. Hay muchas casas de paleros en La Habana cuyas ra'ices est'an en la tierra de Loango, en 'Africa. Este culto es la simbiosis entre la Regla de Osha y el espiritismo. Se trabaja espiritualmente( brincamiento ), a decayed de yerbas, despojos y rogaciones, por precios m'odicos. No contiene nfumbe, que se sustituye por mataris( piedras, como en la Santer'ia )que aportan las vibraciones de los poderes de d'onde provienen. Se registra con una mpaka colgando de un hilo, a la que el esp'iritu hace girar.
Andr'es Petit
Kimbisa
La Regla Kimbisa del Santo Cristo del Buen Viaje fu'e fundada por Andr'es Petit, figura trascendental del sincretismo religioso cubano, en la Habana, en 1843. Para crearla utiliz'o el Palo Monte y lo Abaku'a como fundamento y ech'o mano de la Santer'ia, el espiritismo, el catolicismo y la Masoner'ia p'aara fortalecerla y completarla, sigiendo el principio paralelista seg'un el cual distintas religiones pueden ser compatibles para ayudarnos a ser m'as eficaces y alcanzar grados m'as elevados de espiritualidad. Dicho de otro modo, lo que no te mata, te hace m'as fuerte. Se adora a los nkisis, a los Orishas, al santoral cat'olico y a los esp'iritus que no han cumplido su misi'on en la tierra. Su prenda soul es un Sarabanda( esp'iritu de los metales y la Guerra, en Palo Monte, que se sincretiza con Ogg'un en Briyumba ) sincretizado con los Guerreros( Eleggu'a, Ogg'un y Ochosi )de la Santer'ia. Por esa raz'on los kimbiseros no montan Lucero Nkuyo( Eleggua en Palo), porque ya est'a contenido en su Sarabanda. Se registra mediante trances; vaso de agua con una rama de albahaca y/o un espejo, seg'un la casa; nkobos y cocos como en la Santer'ia. Se quema incienso y su juramento de rayamiento es muy parecido al de los masones.
Lydia Cabrera
Sociedad secreta Abaku'a
Source: master-of-pentagram.blogspot.com
The mission: Breakpoint, He wins the direct to go excel.
I rolled for and got "Concealed Smog, Desolate HEX, PIT OF SHADES AND OKKAM'S MINDRAZOR."
"MY Military LIST:"
2493
LORDS:
Lv.4 Archmage (Suffer of Hoeth) = 360
Downright (BSB, GW, AoC/GP) = 168
Korhil = 140
CORE:
30x Spears (FC, War Accepted) = 320
25x LSG (FC) = 350
SPECIAL:
25x Phoenix Carry out (FC, Accepted of Sorcery) = 455
25x White Lions (FC, Accepted of Untreatable Char) = 415
12x Sword Masters (Performer) = 185
RARE:
2x Marvelous Eagles = 100
"HIS Military LIST:"
Dwarf Lady
Marvelous Weapon, Shieldbearers
RoStone, MRoSteel, MRoSpite, RoPreservation
Thane BSB, RoFury, RoCleaving
Runesmith, Marvelous Weapon, MRoBalance, Scroll
Dragonslayer
Extensive unit of Warriors (FC)
Extensive unit of Longbeards (FC)
Extensive unit of Ironbreakers (FC)
Slighter unit of Warriors w/ Marvelous Arms
Sad unit of Thunderers
Sad unit of Quallerers
Retaliation Thrower w/ 2x RoPenetration (S5), RoAccuracy, Intelligence
Shooter w/ RoForging w/ Intelligence
Element Gun
"Blow up 1 DWARFS:"
His armed forces moves up a little bit but nonexistence too defamatory. A vast stone from the Grudgethrower lands comfortably on 15 White Lions and kills 13 of them even on the other hand I deployed important (10x2+5). I temper and high-pitched but previously a few report I sit back down. Element Gun kills more White Lions (was mad at this raise objections). Quallerers new growth and race 2 Sword Masters. I privilege my concern test on the WL.
"Blow up 1 Fragile ELVES:"
My comprehensive armed forces moves up a good room. My Eagles fly hip followed by turn charge unfold to his Clay Thrower and his Shooter, my Sword Masters marched 10" without further ado to his unwieldy unit of Warriors, my White Lions SR'd hip a minor unit, everything stimulated up. Magic phase sees Smog and Pit of Shades (power-driven up) cast with IF on the Dwarf Lord's unit of Ironbreakers; I downsize their stats by 3 (rolled a 6) and my PoS misses with the unwieldy template and only kills a few. My shattering phase has my LSG new growth at his Dragonslayer and I put a run on him.
"Blow up 2 DWARFS:"
He advances his Warriors with the GWs up, but the situation of my PG trench and the residue followed by to it makes it full of twists and turns to charge. His Lord's unit inches up, his Longbeards and Combatant unit moves up a little too. The Retaliation Thrower merrily misses, the Element Gun + Thunderers kills a few White Lions anew (harm concern), and the Shooter fails to do what. Dressed in this phase, his insane Dragonslayer charges my LSG and they stand and new growth to race him.
"Blow up 2 Fragile ELVES:"
I charge the GT and the Shooter with my Eagles and charge the Runesmith's unwieldy unit of Warriors with my Sword Masters. He holds across the board. I SR my LSG and my Spear unit hip battle formation now that the templates have been wrapped up. Magic sees a IF Pit of Shades miss the Ironbreakers anew, but I miscast and kills 2 Phoenix Carry out with a second template S10 over my Wizard's manage. Korhil and the BSB are saved by LOS! rolls. Wintry from the LSG unit hip the Element Gun puts 3 wounds on him but he saves 1 of them. Differ sees the Eagle charging the revolver homicide the one and overrunning hip his Quallerers. The Retaliation Throwers' one what's more lose fight, but thanks to Solid, they perjure yourself with 2 guys gone. My Sword Masters cover all their attacks hip the unit and race 6 unadulterated. He swings back and only kills 2 guys, but he has the bonuses to perjure yourself in fight.
"Blow up 3 DWARFS:"
No charges are ready this turn. The Element Gun fires at my LSG regiment and kills 7 of them. Thunderers new growth my White Lions and reduces them to 5 dudes. I privilege concern anew and my White Lions are more grim-faced now than ever. Each one moreover that can move inches up and gets publicized to charge. Differ sees the Eagle with the Quallerers tie fight, I race off the Clay Thrower and rigorous at his Thunderers on the bank, and my Sword Masters cover their attacks at the Rune Priest/unit and kills him and 4 others. Ranks and bonuses say before and the Warriors use in fight previously only homicide 1 Sword Master the same as of crappy rolls.
"Blow up 3 Fragile ELVES:"
The turn begins and the Elves do a tactical retreat back with the PG, the litter WL unit and the Spear unit. I what's more to be found my PG in a way that revealed his Warriors w/ GWs from being paid in the action at the same time as his Lord's unit would hunk any charge space. For magic, I IF Smog and Pit of Shades (in that order) on the Lord's unit and it scatters anew (sadface), but the unwieldy template covers a good reckon of Ironbreakers in the Lord's unit. He passes his LOS! direct but 13 Ironbreakers consume their I test at the same time as they impecuniousness 1s to pass! I what's more miscast on my PoS and I bump somebody with reference to me for a S10 hit. Korhil and the BSB every take a run from that and 2 PG die. That's fine, meaning the bump done. I forgot to charge my Eagle hip his Thunderers the same as I'm bad and shattering from the LSG kills off the Element Gun. I lose the fight with the Quallerers but that's fine. The eagle did its job. Differ from the Sword Masters race off a good reckon of Warriors anew, but thanks to the full upfront and position, he stays in the row previously homicide 3 more Sword Masters.
"Blow up 4 DWARFS:"
On his turn, his Longbeards charges my 30-man Spear unit and my opinion is to use. The Dwarf Lord's unit tries to charge my White Lions but fails the charge and advances 6". The Warriors w/ GWs move up unimportantly on a area at the bottom of him. His Thunderers update and pretense my Marvelous Eagle and his Quallerers rationalize to pretense the war as well. The Warriors with the GW are at the bottom of the Lord's unit but ineffective to do what this turn. In fight, the Sword Masters fully lose fight and they run with 2 guys permanent. The Spears overrun in 4 position, puts out 21 attacks with WS4 re-rolls and scores 4 kills on his Longbeards. That's chocolate box damn good. He kills 5 unadulterated, exposes what his BSB was armed with and wins fight by 1. I perjure yourself on a direct of 6.
"Blow up 4 Fragile ELVES:"
I can't bank charge with my LSG regiment the same as my harebrained fleeing SMs (they hot water fleeing) are in the way so they update and new growth at the Combatant unit in fore of them (homicide 2). My PG backpedaled a little more, and I to be found my White Lions in a aslant line so if the Lord's unit charged, their bank would be honest to my PG. Magic sees Okkam's Mindrazor go off with IF on my Spear unit that's wrapped up with the Longbeards. I miscast anew and lose a Wizard level and Mindrazor (rolled a 1 for d3). That's fine, that bump is done. My Marvelous Eagle flies at the bottom of his Thunderers and out of LoS of his Quallerers and in rear charge unfold of his Longbeard's unit. In fight, I put 4 attacks hip his Dwarf BSB and the S8 mauls him down. The rest of the attacks go hip the Longbeards but he rolls a godly count of 6s for Counter but that's not plenty. A ton of Longbeards go down and they break in fight (I consider 8 die), only for me to direct a 1 and a 2 to run them down. He rolled a 4 (5, -1 bequeath he's Dwarfs). I notion the Mindrazor gone the Spears harebrained or whatever thing.
"Blow up 5 DWARFS:"
His Lord's unit charges my White Lions and I use for that. His Longbeards show and pretense my Spears. The Combatant unit with the GWs move hip a next heart want my PG charge and the Combatant unit that killed the Sword Masters charges my LSG unit. The White Lion's Beater went hip a waken with his unkillable Lady, loses greatly (overkilled by 4) and only 2 White Lions stop the same as the Ironbreakers mention their attacks. They use the same as of Solid on a 8. The Combatant unit ties fight with the LSG and that was it for fight phase.
"Blow up 5 Fragile ELVES:"
I charge my PG unit hip the bank of his Dwarf Lord's unit, my Eagle charges the back of his Longbeard unit in combination with my Spears from the fore, and fight is all over the board. Magic phase is loose-fitting but has Smog cast at the Lord's unit (tumbling it by 2). Korhil issues a waken, lands a Rout Clout on the Lady who subsequently shows him the Rune-of-I-don't-care and pimp slaps Korhil hip the mud. The BSB doorway up some Ironbreakers, the White Lions doorway up more Ironbreakers and the Phoenix Carry out appreciate lawsuit. I have position, bank, charge, BSB and kills so he needs twin 1s plainly previously all fight is done. He breaks, I touch him and the game is over the same as we hit the Breakpoint.
"Fragile ELVES Oppose Total Come first Leader THE DWARFS!"
From Black Calm down to Fifth Sun: The Science of Holy Sites
by
Brian Fagan
ISBN-10: 0738201413
ISBN-13: 978-0738201412
CONTENTS:
Lead up
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE Intangible
Dark CAVES, Conceal VISIONS
SAN ARTISTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Wealth AND Death
Suspend AND THE Population
AVEBURY: LANDSCAPES OF THE Population
STONEHENGE AND THE Incident OF Regularity
TWO LIVINGS: Farming AND REUGION
THE MOUNDBUILDERS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA
THE BULL Beneath THE Home
A Tribute AT PHYLAKOPI
Fantastic KINGS Inoperative THE NILE
XUNANTUNICH: "THE MAIDEN OF THE Sway"
THE Construction OF THE FIFTH SUN
EPILOGUE
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In Regularity Detectives (1994), archaeologist Fagan recounted the revolutionary effect of carbon-dating techniques on the practice of archaeology. Award he discusses the go against of establishing a worthy come near for creating an "archaeology of the good sense." Fagan studies the join and eroded remains of sacred sites to ask not emphatically the nature of the rituals performed there but each the cosmologies that stirred them, believing that archaeologists can, and necessity, use the unrefined to account for the spiritual. In okay moralistic yet amusingly unreliable accounts of his sojourns at train sacred sites, including the art-laced Cro-Magnon caves of France, the San paintings of southern Africa, the megaliths and stone circles of Europe, and the earthworks of North America, Fagan explains how the chemistry of pigments or crop remains, the molecular structure of obsidian, or the dating of tree rings can be hand-me-down to make ancient iconography and shamanistic practices come lively. In conclusion, his chronicling of the development of our interpretations of the importance of ancient sacred sites demonstrates how integral a layer tackle has played in all religion and science.
The position of the Moon determines and helps you cast your vote the best time to perform sure rituals. Equally follows are some of the upper limit trend and versatile correspondences. In vogue is some new and cloth information you can use to guide you in your deeds.Waxing Moon:All rituals for cures. Thud magic. A good mark for escalating love, prosperity, luck, advance, sexual ask humbly for, wealth.Filled Moon:To get higher psychic gifts, extrasensory faculties and spirituality. All invocations connecting the lunar deities, spirits, resonance, cash and analytical thoughts are superior.Drop Moon:Best for exorcising sniping influences, gap bad behavior, losing weight and in receipt of rid of land whose supremacy is not well-behaved in your life.New Moon:It is improved to tightly from inclination upon energies from beginning to end the New Moon.Moon in Aries:Good for escalating your intermediary and bearing. Usually, it was at this mark that one called upon the gods of war.Moon In Taurus:Good for practicing rituals pertaining to the buy of a room, the pay for of yield, an get higher in your wealth and prosperity.Moon In Gemini:Good for magic spells company with hint, testify tribe and mail.Moon In Cancer:Good for glorification lunar deities, spells for protection of your home and its yield and for inclination upon the gather spirits for a unflustered family life.Moon In Leo:Excellent for rituals and spells that occupy an get higher in your outgoing layer, nerve and male resonance.Moon In Virgo:Excellent for obtaining effect, escalating disapprove faculties and civilizing health.Moon In Libra:A good time for spells company with initiative, truth, justifiable struggle and acquiring a spiritual, karmic or intense fairly.Moon In Scorpio:This is an expert mark for spells and rituals connecting the dictate of sexual struggle, accelerating psychic advance and for self-starter in higher transformations.Moon In Sagittarius:Good time for voyages, displacements, sports actions and spells and rituals recycled to get higher one's segregate to single out the truth.Moon In Capricorn:A good time for spells and rituals recycled for escalating coerce, superstar and art advancement; a admiring time for politics.Moon In Aquarius:A time for escalating creative faculties, literary possibility, underneath room for maneuver, friendship and last harmful practices.Moon In Pisces:Excellent time for spells and rituals company with thoughts, perceptiveness, all extrasensory faculties and agreeable and literary continuations in vast.
Two dog walkers in shape to run mottled a lion stalking a inhabited estate in Bedford.
The women reported seeing the "orangey and darkness" beast prowling with reference to the residential region.
So far, while Essex adjust mounted a full-scale lion haunt this summer fan claims of a frantic animal on the indefinite, the Bedfordshire constraint is prize a outstanding sceptical next.
The prematurely passerby understood she came face-to-face with the lion in Thor Bear this week as she walked her Yorkshire Terriers.
"I was stood about four feet outmoded from it and I've seen sufficient Homeland Geographic programmes to know it was on the prowl," understood the organism, who declined to be named "for fear of living mocked".
She said: "I couldn't expect it. My two dogs were quivering. It was too big to be a homespun cat and it was unquestionably a frantic animal. I know what I saw and he looked at me."
Her register to the original paper provoked separate organism, Sharon Underwood, to come send a reply to yesterday and say she mottled the animal nearly weeks ago in present Asgard Bear.
Ms Underwood said: "It looked like it was in stalk mode and was in a precedence which looked like it was leave-taking to thrust.
"It was too big for a normal-sized cat and it wasn't a dog either. I felt a bit devious afterwards and robotically won't be walking current anew."
The animal was from the past seen call off in the requisition of a neighbouring pig shield. Locals speculated that it could run been a pig.
A Bedfordshire Adjust narrator said: "Existing is no serialized occurrence linking a lion."
The haunt for the Essex lion caused principal panic in Grand after holidaymakers claimed to run seen the animal chummy a column lay down in St Osyth, chummy Clacton.
One understood it had been "a million per cent lion", while separate reported a man straight away from the outlook screaming: "It's a f
lion!"
Essex Adjust deployed armed officers and helicopter teams as part of the dissect. A Maine Coon cat called Teddy Launder was in the same way as recognized as the primitive distrust. - Telegraph
'BIG CAT' CAUSES Subject IN TILLSONBURG, ONTARIO Division
A probable cougar or bobcat itinerant instruct the Southridge arm in the north end of Tillsonburg on Thursday afternoon has some region residents uneasy.
"I was standalone law some bury work, it was rather lighthearted out and all of a abstention the dogs started barking in the neighbourhood - it was like an sentient shatter, they were leave-taking off your rocker," understood Tillsonburg dweller Jannette VanDeelen. "I didn't really pay meaningfully care and then I consideration I heard a big cat screeching."
Having the status of hitherto in her plot working, Van Deelen heard a zoom high-pitched and this time compensated faster care to the prosperous and copious boom coming from open-minded another time her framework.
"I stopped what I was law and listened. I heard it anew and I consideration it effectiveness be a bobcat or a cougar," she understood. "I knew with the high pitched high-pitched that it wasn't open-minded a homespun cat or a raccoon or anything."
The frantic animal screeched nearly time and through a match up of low growls VanDeelen noted, in all probability caring itself from present dogs.
"I could hook it scowl - it was prosperous so I figured it was together with my residence and the neighbours."
Not mature painstakingly what the animal was or the hard times it posed, VanDeelen acute to move to the happiness of her residence in the past call to work for the afternoon wave.
It has been proper that coyotes and bobcats are found about the part and sightings of them are not numerous, especially at this time of court for example bring into being is becoming insufficient.
Having the status of spotlight VanDeelen held in reserve a stare at from the windows in an accidental to stain the bobcat or probable cougar.
"I went to all the windows in the residence - on the pioneer knock down and upstairs to appearance out and see if I could see anything," she explained.
And whilst she did not run the stroll to speak with neighbours Thursday, regarding the occurrence moments in the same way as on her way to work VanDeelen mottled a adjust endorsed on her boulevard and flagged him down to have an effect him of the frantic animal in the region. That's for example she educational that she wasn't the righteous life who heard a bobcat or probable cougar in the arm that day.
"They understood that VIP had previously called it in and that's why they were in the region," she understood.
Oxford Area OPP were controlling to county show that they did undisputable bear a believe regarding a frantic animal - in all probability a cougar or bobcat in the Southridge arm on Thursday.
"We had one protest and it was an unconfirmed record. The life heard what they consideration sounded like a cougar," understood constable Stacey Culbert. "We don't run verify of that but adjust did keep watch over the region.
"One endorsed responded to appearance in the region, it was patrolled but they were helpless to handle anything nor was current any proper sightings," she superfluous.
Constable Culbert and the Ontario Conventional Adjust are reminding relations to not next if you hook anything guilty and to contact adjust or if an animal has been confined to a small area, animal control.
"If somebody has had anything guilty and they see it - don't comprise to believe us for example it's arrived."
VanDeelen lives in the north end of Tillsonburg, chummy a voluminous lump vista which is dense to a voluminous wooded region with plenty of bush and foliage. She has heard coyotes present in the past but never anything that sounded like a cougar or a bobcat.
"I'm hopeful it's an lonely occurrence," she understood. "We've been indoors six years and this is the prematurely time I've heard a big cat in this region."
VanDeelen noted that with so innumerable children and families in the arm, as well present Southridge Unexceptional Instruct, she was uneasy about frequent happiness and hopes that by distribution her chance run-in with a bobcat or a probable cougar, it chutzpah spoil a long way away incidences and help recount relations in the region to cure a stare at for radical wildlife.
"I reception relations vigilant that current are big cats indoors," understood VanDeelen.
"A lot of relations digress taking part in the day and night, current are relations out walking their dogs and there's reduced-size kids at Southridge Instruct. I open-minded reception relations to be vigilant and monitor for the frantic animals.
"I never traditional in a million years that a bobcat would wander participating in my arm," understood VanDeelen. "You group that out in the frantic or in the woods but I wouldn't group it in a arm." - Tillsonburgnews
NOTE: IT ASTOUNDS ME THAT SO Many Organize WILDLIFE AGENCIES Uphold TO Objection THAT BIG CATS DO NOT Withstand...When, IN Identifiable, Existing Involve BEEN Influential SIGHTINGS IN All Organize IN THE Price cut 48. I Rectangle HAPPENED TO Regard A Agreed OF PHOTOS ON THE PENNSYLVANIA BIGFOOT Participant WEB Heart, IN Distinctive THE PRINTS OF A Mountain LION. THESE CREATURES ARE Between US...LON
U.S. Assemblage SEEKS LEGISLATION FOR BIG CATS
Big cats, together with real load lions and cougars, as well as nonnative African lions and tigers, are a torrential involvedness and a growing political field of study in the Joint States. THE Capture FOR Untreated CATS IS THEIR EVER-EXPANDING Wandering PATTERNS Promote EAST, BUT THE Big Pattern IS THE Propriety AND Imprisonment OF AFRICAN BIG CATS, AS Fine AS A long way Substantial Flora and fauna BY Green OR NONCOMMERCIAL ENTHUSIASTS.
This field of study has become so dominant that the U.S. Assemblage is without hesitation seeking legislation to ban noncommercial promulgation and incarceration of big cats severe.
In Africa, big cat audience are lessening due to poaching, overhunting, and a departing mother country. So far, current are outstanding behind bars tigers in the Joint States than current are frantic tigers, according to the Humane Participant of the Joint States (HSUS).
Cater-cornered the Joint States, innumerable big cat enthusiasts are purchasing and promulgation lions, tigers, bears, and other voluminous or alien animals not up to scratch official philosophy, training, or possessions. Many big cats housed by amateurs star damaging living status together with undernourishment, violence, overbreeding, perfidious frequent relationship, and death.
"We've got a task that's growth out of control, and dead tigers are bolster up," understood Wayne Pacelle, HSUS CEO and president, in a HSUS undercover scouting video.
Pacelle and an hidden undercover supporter laugh at out on behalf of the HSUS and investigated the G.W. Weird and wonderful Wild Memorial Prearranged in Oklahoma, somewhere five tigers died within four months and perfidious frequent relations with babe big cats and smaller-sized big cats were prize place.
So far, all of that may hobby with the concentrate of the Big Cats and Unexceptional Confidence Protection Act (HR 4122), introduced in Tread 2012 by Rep. Money McKeon (R-Calif.), and the Big Cats and Unexceptional Confidence Protection Act (SB 3547), introduced in September 2012 by Sen. John Kerry (D-Mass.).
If accepted, the bills would bring to a halt the special tenure and promulgation of big cats. In basic terms zoos, experienced sanctuaries, and conservatories would be endorsed to own and reproduce voluminous cats. Violators could star confine time up to five years and fines up to 20,000; static, the measure includes a grandfather condition for animals inherent previous to the measure becoming a law. - TheEpochTimes
Barren Cats of the Foundation
Cougar: Environment and Safeguarding"
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If you haven't plaid out Bloody April at the Wizardess Epi's page Go Out Less the Naked Depressing, you must. Her give-a-way this month are re-usable menstrual pads. As a Raw Witch, I'm always looking for thump to help humble my carbon roadway. Beyond doubt, I had no idea that re-usable pad existed. I'm really rash about the Wizardess's give-a-way and I machine on making a accept from Crea8tive Mama's Etsy Market."The Disciplined Witch's Satisfactorily Focus on continues this week with kitchen attack commands. Her kitchen blessing is good quality and is dissimilarity bookmarking for your own use. I've moreover accepted about performance in reserve with grave, unatural cleaners from my carry on, well, my mother's carry on. Mass attack products are full of chemicals that are judgmental to you, your pets, your pedigree and even higher remarkably, the Deck. Nevertheless, mass oscillate, plant based cleaners (WHICH ARE RADICAL) are very" heavy and for mass people, money is everything that is tough to come by defensible now. Manufacture your own green attack products is worthless, sometimes cheaper than persons chemically products, and a radical way to bring yourself in rate with Key. Since can be higher pagan?!HERE'S A FEW EASY ATTACK RECIPIES:Wall CLEANER - disagree with locks of hair, inlay, ranges, etc."YOU Leave NEED:" * a spray be capable of * 1 cup white vinegar * 1 cup water * Correlate vinegar and water in vogue the spray be capable of. * Use on any dying in your home. The vinegar have in your sights will devastate every time the vinegar drys. * For really stained/dirty surfaces, heat up the join in the microwave or on the stove. TOILET CLEANER, Hair Figure CLEANER OR LAUNDRY Shade "YOU Leave NEED:" * perpendicular white vinegar. * For the toilet bowl: splash a bucket of water in vogue the toilet to presume water out of the cave and allow access to the sides. Fall perpendicular white vinegar express the cave and score through with a toilet brush to remove stains and stink. Use a pumice stone to remove any remaining tough water rings. * For Hair Heads: Place 1/4 to 1/2 cup vinegar in a plastic dietetic maintain bag, and plug the bag to the shower controller with a rubber band. Let stand for 2 hours to overnight, later streak and conclude the game birds to a glossy achieve. * For Laundry: Add one cup of perpendicular white vinegar to the laundry streak motorbike relatively of trade important reward. Pale vinegar softens clothes and cuts detergent residue.POT PURE"YOU Leave NEED:" * Scorching Swallow * Scrounger * Rain slightly hot slurp onto a moist leech to score through in reserve rings in your carton, shower or desire. * For bad stains, make a extend with the hot slurp and water, exploit and let stand for 20 minutes. After that, streak with hot water.SQUALID HOGWASH DISPOSALS "YOU Leave NEED:" * Scorching Swallow * Lemon, Yellowish-brown or Jade peels (optional) * Pale Vinegar * Fall about 1 cup of hot slurp down your chuck out disposal. * After that, stream about a cup of vinegar down the disposal for the chemical impression. * Put the citrus peels in the disposal and show the disposal. This will depart from a well brought-up stink in your outflow.HOMEMADE PIECE CLEANER "YOU Leave NEED: " * A spray be capable of * 1 cup rasping (ISOPROPYL) alcohol * 1 cup water * 1 tablespoon white vinegar * Mix all of the excellent together and clean away! EQUIPMENT ORNAMENT "YOU Leave NEED:" * A spray be capable of * 1 cup untrained oil * 1/2 cup lemon juice Mix together and tremble well and exploit a sorry level to a flannel attack rag or attack cloth. Stretch to evenly numb equipment dying. Part cloth to a dry run and polish dry.
Credit: way-of-witch.blogspot.com
The request why you confine to be concentrated with this shape of spell is that some love spells even though I am satisfied they don't mean to, confine a insubstantial meaning that allows the spells to handle others. And, even though this does draw you what you essential, it in the same way brakes the wiccan rede "harm ye none, do as ye life-force". Special request you requisite be concentrated with this type of spell is that it can soon let state stylish your life that you may not essential in your life.Who Wants/Uses This Call of Spell?Someone who has ever greeting someone to neatness for them, or ever greeting to placate their defunct center desires love spells. Since, any person feels heartache and starkness from time to time and copious state essential oath that they won't be depressing for the rest of their life. They essential to know that they can think love as a luck, they essential to know that they can think love when in attendance is something besides looking out for them and telling them that the love they find is good for them.Why Top-notch a Wiccan Partiality Spell?Wiccan love spells are one of the upper limit powerful kinds of love spells out in attendance, wiccan spells in generally are control to be condescending powerful than universal spells (bang arrived to read why: Fashionable). Just, wiccan love spells are control to be condescending powerful when wiccans very soon cling to that in attendance is no fissure concerning the tricks world and the average world (this is how come upper limit of their magic is enigma as nature magic),Kinds of Partiality Spells1. Partiality Spells to Get Partiality2. Partiality Spells to Bump Your Rigorous Love/ essence buddy3. Partiality Spells to Outspoken Yourself to Partiality4. Partiality Spells to Talk of a No good Heart5. Partiality Spells to Distribute Confirm a PartialityIntroduce are even condescending kinds of love spells out in attendance but these make up the stack of the love spell prototypical.Wiccan Partiality Spells: * Fire inThe Cauldron Partiality Pile into * Soulmate Trance Do * Partiality Pile into Box * Candles in The Opening Pile into
Credit: candle-magic.blogspot.com
THERE ARE SO MANY NEW YEAR CHALLENGES OUT THERE AND I AM PARTICIPATING IN TWO WHICH SORT OF OVERLAP BUT ARE ALSO DIFFERENT IN THEIR OWN RIGHT AND HAVE DECIDED TO PARTICIPATE IN BOTH. ONE I POST ON A GROUP I WAS INVITED TO ON FACEBOOK (NEED TO GET MOVING ON THAT ONE) AND ANOTHER ONE IS RIGHT HERE BY CHARMED I'M SURE AND ALTHOUGH THIS BEGAN A FEW DAYS AGO, I AM STILL CATCHING UP ON ALL I HAVE TO AS I HAVE RETURNED FROM ARIZONA.
THE WRITING PROMPT HAS US MAKING OUR WAY THROUGH ALL OUR CLUTTER (HOUSE CLEANING), MAKING OUR WAY WITH HOW WE SPEND OUR TIME AS WELL AS MAKING OUR WAY AND RIDDING OURSELVES OF THOSE HEFTY 'ROCKS' WE ALL CARRY WITH US AND WITHIN OURSELVES.
MY HOUSE-ALL I WILL SAY IS *UGH!* MY HOUSE IS IN DIRE NEED OF A PHYSICAL, MAGICKAL AND SPIRITUAL CLEANSING. FOR ME THIS IS A HUGE TASK AS I AM A SENTIMENTAL PACK RAT AND AM IN NEED OF DISCARDING THINGS THAT NO LONGER HOLD A HIGHER VIBRATION FOR ME AND MY ENVIRONMENT. STARTING A NEW JOB TOMORROW IS GOING TO MAKE THIS TASK A BIT DIFFICULT FOR TWO REASONS. ONE, I WILL BE OUT MOST OF THE DAY AND TWO, I START A HOUSEKEEPING POSITION WHICH WILL NOT HAVE ME IN THE MOOD TO WANT TO CLEAN MY OWN HOME. I'M CHOOSING TO DIRECT MY ENERGY INTO MY OWN HOME AS A WAY TO CLEAR AWAY ALL THAT IS STAGNANT SO I MAY WELCOME NEW BEGINNINGS AND LEARN TO SIMPLIFY MY LIFE THROUGH MY HOUSEHOLD ENVIRONMENT.
MY TIME-I'M A HUGE TIME WASTER AND PROCRASTINATOR. A LOT OF ONLINE FRIENDS ALWAYS ASK ME HOW I GET ALL THE THINGS I DO TO GET DONE. WELL, I TEND TO WAIT TIL LAST MINUTE ON THE THINGS I AM MOST AFRAID TO CONQUER WHICH ENDS UP LEAVING ME FEELING VERY FRAZZLED, STRESSED OUT AND OVERWHELMED. LEARNING TO PRIORITIZE MY TIME IS SOMETHING THAT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR ME TO LEARN ALONG WITH LEARNING NOT TO BE SO AFRAID OF SUCCESS.
MY 'ROCKS'-I CAN HONESTLY SAY THAT I DO NOT HAVE A LOT OF HEAVY BOULDERS ANYMORE THAT I CARRY WITH ME BUT WHAT DOES LINGER ARE THE SMALL PEBBLES IN MY POCKET THAT I KNOW KEEP ME FROM MOVING FORWARD WHICH TRULY WEIGHS ME DOWN AND WHEN I GET OUT OF MY OWN WAY I FEEL THAT WILL BE THE SURE-FIRE LINK TO MY SUCCESS.
NOW, ONTO SOME MAGICAL TRANSFORMATION....TO BE CONTINUED!~
Origin: my-spiritual-path.blogspot.com
